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d_adv_cogen_more

What can I choose in the calculator?

The calculator lets you choose the share of total decentralised heat demand covered by Decentralised Advanced Cogeneration in Switzerland in the selected year (2035 or 2050).

Decentralised Advanced Cogeneration

image Louis-F. Stahl, via Wikimedia Commons, under

Contents

  • Impact
  • Global market
  • Definition
  • Constraints
  • Assumptions
  • References

IMPACT – What are the impacts of Decentralised Advanced Cogeneration?

In Switzerland, increasing the share of Decentralised Advanced Cogeneration will have the following impacts:

Energy system

image Reduces primary energy demand by meeting energy demands with a higher overall efficiency.

image Likely to increase total fossil fuel consumption.

image Unlikely to promote an increased share of renewable energy sources in the energy mix.

image Likely to reduce pressure on the grid by providing distributed generation capacity.

image Likely to decrease energy independence.

image Likely to increase energy security by reinforcing the grid with distributed generation.

Environment & Climate

image Likely to reduce global CO2 emissions.

image Unlikely to increase deposited waste

Society & Economy

image Likely to significantly increase the cost of the energy transition.

image May worsen balance of payments by increasing fossil fuel imports.

image Can potentially provide consumers with power in emergencies and during grid failures.

GLOBAL MARKET – What is the global market for Decentralised Advanced Cogeneration?

The largest deployment of fuel cell distributed CHP systems has taken place in Japan. In 2013, 35,000 units were deployed there and 53,000 units are expected to be deployed there in 2014. This significant deployment has been supported by a government subsidy and has accelerated since the Fukushima disaster driven by consumer interest in reliable power.[1]

DEFINITION / CONSTRAINTS

DEFINITION - What is Decentralised Advanced Cogeneration?

In a combined heat and power (CHP) plant, the energy from a fuel is used to generate electricity and heat. Thermodynamically, the heat is recovered from the waste heat of the electricity generation process resulting in a higher overall energy efficiency than can be achieved if the processes are operated separately.

Advanced cogeneration systems would consist of a fuel cell that generates both electricity and hot water. Such systems are most typically fuelled with natural gas.

CONSTRAINTS - What are the key barriers facing Decentralised Advanced Cogeneration deployment?

• The capital cost of advanced cogeneration systems is significantly higher than the one of more conventional technologies and is likely to require some policy incentive to support deployment.

• Cogeneration systems need to be connected to the electricity grid to be most effective and this can be challenging from a technical and regulatory viewpoint.

• A significant fraction of both the electricity and heat output of a distributed CHP system must be used to make the system cost effective. It can often be challenging to simultaneously match both loads in small distributed applications.

ASSUMPTIONS – What are the assumptions considered in the calculator?

Next tables contain the assumptions that have been introduced in the Advanced cogeneration model of the calculator.

Efficiency [%]
2035 2050
Technology Electricity Heat Electricity Heat
Natural gas 58 22 70 20
Hydrogen 58 22 70 20
Emissions
2011-2050
CO2-eq. emissions [kgCO2-eq./kWhth] Natural gas TO COMPLETE
Hydrogen TO COMPLETE
Deposited waste [UBP/kWhth] Natural gas TO COMPLETE
Hydrogen TO COMPLETE
Cost
2035 2050
Specific investment [CHF2010/kWth] 11'837 8'972

REFERENCES

[1] Fuel Cell Today, 2013, The Fuel Cell Industry Review

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d_adv_cogen_more.txt · Last modified: 2023/11/16 15:21 by 127.0.0.1