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hydro_dam_more_2 [2015/02/11 17:09] – codinahydro_dam_more_2 [2023/11/16 15:21] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 +<html>
 +<div id="wrapper">
 +  <div id="content">
 +    <div class="blocWrapper">
 +
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 +            <div class="bloc single bgWhite">
 +                <header>
 +                    <h2>What can I choose in the calculator?</h2>
 +                </header>
 +                <div class="paddedContent">
 +                    The calculator lets you choose the share of Hydro Dam power in the total electricity generation capacity in Switzerland in the selected year (2035 or 2050).
 +                </div>
 +            </div>
 +            <div class="bloc single bgWhite">
 +                <header>
 +                    <h2>Hydro Dam Installed Power</h2>
 +                </header>
 +                <img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=hydro_dam.jpg" alt="image"/>
 +            </div>
 +            <div class="bloc single bgWhite">
 +                <header>
 +                    <h2>Contents</h2>
 +                </header>
 +                <div class="paddedContent">
 +                    <ul>
 +                        <li>Impact</li>
 +                        <li>Global market</li>
 +                        <li>Definition</li>
 +                        <li>Constraints</li>
 +                        <li>Assumptions</li>
 +                        <li>Value range</li>
 +                        <li>References</li>
 +                    </ul>
 +                </div>
 +            </div>
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 +
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 +    <a name="impact"></a>
 +            <div class="bloc triple bgWhite">
 +                <header class="lined">
 +                    <h2 class="fl">IMPACT – What are the impacts of Hydro Dam power?</h2>
 +                    <div class="clear"></div>
 +                </header>
 +                <div class="paddedContent">
 +                    <div class="bloc triple bgWhite">
 +                        In Switzerland, increasing the share of Hydro Dam power in the total electricity generation capacity will have the following impacts:
 +                        <div class="clear"></div>
 +                    </div>
 +                </div>
 +                <div class="larged">
 +                        <div class="paddedContent">
 +                            <div class="questionAnswer">
 +                                <h4>Energy system</h4>
 +                                <div class="clear"></div>
 +
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=smiley_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Increase the electricity storage capacity and reduce the electricity deficit.</p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=smiley_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Increase energy independence and energy security.</p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=smiley_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Increase the share of renewable energy sources in the energy mix.</p>
 +
 +
 +                                <div class="clear"></div>
 +                            </div>
 +                        </div>
 +                    </div>
 +
 +                    <div class="larged">
 +                        <div class="paddedContent">
 +                            <div class="questionAnswer">
 +                                <h4>Environment & Climate</h4>
 +                                <div class="clear"></div>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=smiley_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Reduce global CO2 emissions.</p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=sad_face.png
 +" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Fish migration is affected by dams and fish can also be killed by turbines.</p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=sad_face.png
 +" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Increase impacts on wildlife when an artificial lake is created. </p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=sad_face.png
 +" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Increase evaporation hence disturbance to local climate.</p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=sad_face.png
 +" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Increase pressure on downstream aquatic ecosystems through discharge fluctuations.</p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=sad_face.png
 +" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Likely to increase deposited waste over the long term due to large volumes of concrete.</p>
 +
 +
 +                                <div class="clear"></div>
 +                            </div>
 +                        </div>
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 +                                <h4>Society & Economy</h4>
 +                                <div class="clear"></div>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=smiley_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Likely to reduce the cost of the energy transition though upfront investment costs are high.</p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=smiley_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Pumped hydro systems enable arbitrage between (low) imported power prices and (high) exported prices.</p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=smiley_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Dams can help regulate water levels downstream and reduce the risk of flooding after intensive precipitation in the catchment area.</p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=sad_face.png
 +" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> The unlikely event of a failing dam poses a flash flood risk.</p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=sad_face.png
 +" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Dams can hamper inland shipping movements.</p>
 +
 +
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 +                            </div>
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 +
 +
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 +            <div class="clear"></div>
 +    <!-- /END impact -->
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 +  <!-- /BEGIN GLOBAL MARKET -->
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 +            <div class="bloc triple bgWhite">
 +                <header class="lined">
 +                    <h2 class="fl">GLOBAL MARKET – What is the global market for Hydro Dam power?</h2>
 +                    <div class="clear"></div>
 +                </header>
 +                <div class="paddedContent">
 +
 +                        Hydropower is the most common form of renewable electricity and with about 3,500 TWh generated in 2010, hydropower accounted for 16.3% of the global electricity generation. The global capacity could reach 2,000 GW in 2050, a doubling compared to 2010.[1]
 +                        <div class="clear"></div>
 +
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 +                    <h2 class="fl">DEFINITION / CONSTRAINTS</h2>
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 +                </header>
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 +                            <div class="questionAnswer">
 +                                <h4>DEFINITION - What is Hydro Dam power?</h4>
 +                                <div class="clear"></div>
 +
 +                                <p>Hydro Dam power refers to the utilisation of the gravitational potential energy contained in a water reservoir created by a dam.</p>
 +                                <p>The water is directed through turbines that are connected to a generator to produce electricity.</p>
 +                                <p>A distinction should be made between conventional, one-way, hydro power systems and systems with two reservoirs at different levels connected by pipes. The latter configuration is a way to store large amount of electricity (with 80% efficiency) by using it to pump water from the lower to the higher reservoir.</p>
 +
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 +                                <h4>CONSTRAINTS - What are the key barriers facing the increase of Appliances Efficiency?</h4>
 +                                <div class="clear"></div>
 +
 +                                <p>• Requires geographically suitable catchment areas that have to be closed by a dam to create an artificial basin; the most suitable locations have already been used in Switzerland as well as many developed countries.</p>
 +<p>• The general impacts of dam schemes are widely understood (large flooded areas, population displacement, modifications of downriver water flow  …)  and potential projects are therefore closely scrutinised</p>
 +<p>• Hydro projects that require the construction of (large) dams have high upfront investment costs.</p>
 +
 +
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 +    <!-- /END DEFINITION CONSTRAINTS -->
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 +
 +Next tables contain the assumptions that have been introduced in the Hydro dam model of the calculator.
 +
 +^[[capacity_factor_hydro_dam|Capacity factor]]^^^
 +^2011 ^2035 ^2050 ^
 +|0.244 |0.244 |0.244 |
 +
 +^[[monthly_distribution_hydro_dam|Electricity production distribution *]]^^
 +^Winter ^Summer ^
 +|48% |52% |
 +*This electricity production distribution might vary depending on the scenario. For more information on this subject go to [[monthly_distribution_hydro_dam|Electricity production distribution]].
 +
 +^[[emissions_hydro_dam|Emissions]]^^
 +^ ^2011-2050 ^
 +|CO<sub>2</sub>-eq. emissions [kgCO<sub>2</sub>-eq./kWh<sub>e</sub>] |0.00530 |
 +|Deposited waste [UBP/kWh<sub>e</sub>] |0.449 |
 +
 +^[[cost_hydro_dam|Cost]]^^^^
 +Click for detailed description
 +
 +<html>
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 +  <div id="content">
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 +                    <h2 class="fl">VALUE RANGE - WHAT RANGE OF VALUES CAN I CHOOSE?</h2>
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 +                </header>
 +                </div>
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 +
 +//MIN Value//: 8.1 GW <sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup>. It corresponds to the installed capacity in 2011.
 +
 +//MAX Value//:
 +^[[hydro_value_ranges|2035]] |8.2GW  |The maximum potential is estimated to be 17.48 TWh, produced by 8.18 GW ([[capacity_factor_wind|Capacity factor]] = 0.244).|
 +^[[hydro_value_ranges|2050]] |:::|:::|
 +
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 +                    <h2 class="fl">REFERENCES</h2>
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 +  margin: 20px auto 40px auto;
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 +  font-size: 20px;
 +  line-height: 23px;
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 +  color: #000;
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 +  height: 20px;
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 +
 +[1] [[http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/2012_Hydropower_Roadmap.pdf|IEA 2012, Technology Roadmap: Hydropower.]]
 +
 +[2] [[http://www.bfe.admin.ch/php/modules/publikationen/stream.php?extlang=fr&name=fr_886636566.zip&endung=Statistique%20des%20am%E9nagements%20hydro%E9lectriques%20de%20la%20Suisse|Statistique des aménagements hydroélectriques de la Suisse]]
  

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