playground:appliances_template2 []

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                    <h2>What can I choose in the calculator?</h2>
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                    The calculator lets you choose the efficiency of new appliances in Switzerland in the selected year (2035 or 2050).
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                    <h2>Appliances Efficiency</h2>
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                    <h2>Contents</h2>
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                        <li><a href="#impact">Impact</a></li>
                        <li><a href="#globalmarket">Global market</a></li>
                        <li><a href="#definition">Definition</a></li>
                        <li><a href="#constraints">Constraints</a></li>
                        <li><a href="#assumptions">Assumptions</a></li>
                        <li><a href="#valuerange">Value range</a></li>
                        <li><a href="#references">References</a></li>
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                    <h2 class="fl">IMPACT – What is the impact of increasing the efficiency of new appliances?</h2>
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                        In Switzerland, increasing the efficiency of new appliances has the following impacts:
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                                <h4>Energy system</h4>
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                                <p>&#9786; Decreases final electricity demand if rebound effects are excluded.</p>
                                <p>&#9786; Decreases final energy consumption, if re-bound effects are excluded.</p>
                                <p>&#9863; No direct impact on the share of renewable energy sources in the energy mix.</p>
                                <p>&#9786; Likely to increase energy independence and energy security.</p>

                                <a href="/100-questions/efficacite-energetique/">Learn more</a>
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                                <h4>Environment & Climate</h4>
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                                <p>&#9786; Likely to reduce Swiss CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, impact on global CO<sub>2</sub> emissions depends on embodied energy of new appliances.</p>
                                <p>&#9785; If older, but still functioning, appliances get replaced on the  grounds of energy efficiency, this could increase deposited waste and environmental impacts related to end of life treatment of materials as well as mining of materials for new products</p>
                                <a href="/100-questions/approvisionnement-sur-aujourd-hui-incertain-demain/">Learn more</a>
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                                <h4>Society & Economy</h4>
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                                <p>&#128528; Impact on total costs of the energy transition not well understood.</p>
                                <p>&#128515; Efficiency labels and ratings make users more aware of energy use </p>
                                <p>&#128515; May improve balance of payments by substituting oil imports by domestic electricity.</p>
                                <p>&#9785; May reduce Confederation income from the tax on electricity under the current taxation system.</p>

                                <a href="/100-questions/approvisionnement-sur-aujourd-hui-incertain-demain/">Learn more</a>
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                        [1] Section 2 and 3 of this IEA report should have the numbers we need. It is a pay report though (80 EUR, one PDF user).  http://www.iea.org/W/bookshop/add.aspx?id=460
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                                <h4>DEFINITION - What is Appliances Efficiency?</h4>
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                                <p>The indicator includes electric household appliances.</p>
                                <p>Modern household appliances often require less energy to do the same useful work. Especially appliances such as refrigerators and freezers, laundry machines and dish washers, but also TVs are available with much lower consumption than their predecessors.</p>
                                <p>Based on the energy rating (A+++ to G in EU) the consumer can compare new products based on their typical annual electricity consumption before making a purchase.</p>

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                                <h4>CONSTRAINTS - What are the key barriers facing the increase of Appliances Efficiency?</h4>
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                                <p>Replacement of old appliances by new and efficient ones is often not economically viable based on saved energy cost and current electricity prices.</p>
<p>‘Rebound effects’ may counteract the energy savings from more efficient appliances. The financial savings from lower running costs can lead to purchase of more appliances, or changes in lifestyle (e.g. wash more often). </p>

                                <a href="/100-questions/approvisionnement-sur-aujourd-hui-incertain-demain/">Learn more</a>
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                        The annual average electricity consumption of the appliances in a household [kWh/(year∙household)] is the selected parameter for studying the appliances efficiency. In 2011, the appliances of household consumed an average of 2873 kWh [2]. The expected future value ranges for the average energy performance of the Swiss building stock are [2]:
<ul><li>2035 = 2429 – 2661 kWh/(year∙household)</li>
<li>2050 = 2436 – 2851 kWh/(year∙household)</li></ul>
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		        The appliances annual average electricity consumption includes the electricity used by:
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		            <li>Appliances that can be found in the kitchen (stoves, oven, fridge/freezer, dishwasher and other cooking auxiliaries).</li>
		            <li>Washing machine and dryer.</li>
		            <li>IT and audio-visual (TV, computer, gadgets, etc.)</li>
		            <li>Air conditioning and ventilation systems.</li>
		            <li>Other (hair dryer, iron, vacuum cleaner, etc.)</li>
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		        <p>Some appliances as the air conditioning and ventilation systems are expected to have an important expansion. Because of the expected higher temperatures more households will be equipped with this technology. This fact reduces the effect of having more efficient appliances as more appliances are installed. E.g. the average electricity consumed by the air conditioning and ventilation systems was 350 kWh/(year∙household) [2], while in 2050 is expected to be 526 – 659 kWh/(year∙household) [2].</p>

	<a href="/100-questions/approvisionnement-sur-aujourd-hui-incertain-demain/">Learn more</a>
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                        <p>[1] Energy Efficiency Market Report 2013, Market Trends and Medium-Term Prospects, http://www.iea.org/W/bookshop/add.aspx?id=460 </p>
                        <p>[2] PROGNOS 2012, Die Energieperspektiven für die Schweiz bis 2050, Energienachfrage und Elektrizitätsangebot in der Schweiz 2000–2050.</p>
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