Energy system

Reduces final energy demand.

Increase total electricity consumption.

Reduces total diesel / gasoline consumption.

Likely to increase the share of renewable energy sources in the energy mix.

Likely to raise pressure on the grid by increasing daily peak electricity demand.

Likely to increase energy independence and energy security.

Environment & Climate

Very likely to reduce global CO2 emissions.

Reduce emissions of harmful pollutants, especially in urban areas.

Slightly reduce noise pollution.

Likely to increase deposited waste and environmental impacts related to mining and end of life treatment of batteries.

Society & Economy

Likely to have limited impact on the cost of the energy transition.

May reduce total cost of ownership of vehicles.

May improve balance of payments by substituting oil imports by domestic electricity.

Reduce Confederation income from the tax on mineral oil under the current taxation system.

Compared to BEVs, owners of HEVs and PHEVs do not have to worry about a limited range and battery charging downtime.