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+ | ====== Updates ====== | ||
+ | ===== Wind capacity factor ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ^ [[capacity_factor|Capacity factor]] [[# | ||
+ | ^ ^ ^2008 ^2009 ^2010 ^2011 ^2012 ^2013 ^2014 ^ | ||
+ | |**Installed power** |MW |13.56 |17.56 |42.63 |45.51 |49.42 |60.29 |60.29 | | ||
+ | |**Electricity production** |GWh |18.52 |22.62 |36.58 |70.13 |88.07 |89.52 |100.88 | | ||
+ | |**Capacity factor** |- |0.1559 |0.1470 |0.0980 |0.1759 |0.2034 |0.1695 |0.1910 | | ||
+ | |**Capacity factor< | ||
+ | |||
+ | The installed power is significantly increased every year as it can be seen in the previous table. When the installed capacity is considerable increased, | ||
+ | |||
+ | For example, in 2013 four wind turbines in the Juvent wind farm were replaced by four turbines with bigger capacity. The old turbines were disconnected from the grid on 18.8.2013, while the installation of the new turbines finished on 01/11/2013 (no information has been found regarding the date of connection to the grid). This event reduced the [[capacity_factor|capacity factor]] since 5.5MW (aprox.) stop producing electricity in August, and the new 8MW (4 X 2MW turbines) only produced electricity in december [[# | ||
+ | |||
+ | ^[[capacity_factor|Capacity factor]]^^^ | ||
+ | ^2011 ^2035 ^2050 ^ | ||
+ | |0.19 |0.23 |0.24 | | ||
+ | |||
+ | The previous table contains the [[capacity_factor|capacity factors]] that have been introduced in the model. The actual [[capacity_factor|capacity factor]] is approximately 0.19 in Switzerland. The IEA (International Energy Agency) states that " | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Nuclear electricity price ===== | ||
+ | The French "Court des comptes" | ||
+ | |||
+ | ^In M€ (real value) | ||
+ | |Operation expenses |9'017 |10' | ||
+ | |Investment on the existing plants |1'747 |3'804 |+117,7 % | | ||
+ | |Funds for the waste and depleted fuel disposal |1'133 |1'301 |+14,8 % | | ||
+ | |Fund for plant decommissioning |461 |520 |+ 12,8 % | | ||
+ | |Economic rent |7'880 |8'501 |+ 7,9 % | | ||
+ | |**Total** |**20' | ||
+ | |Production (TWh) |407,9 |403,7 |- 1 % | | ||
+ | |**Cost (€/MWh)** |**49,6** |**59,8** |**+ 20,6 %** | | ||
+ | |||
+ | The installed power in France is 63.1GW. If we consider an interest rate of 4.8% and a lifetime of 40 years, the investment cost for the French nuclear power plants is 2'376 €/kW. To this investment cost is necessary to add the dismantling cost. In Switzerland the post-operation and decommissioning cost are 1.7 and 3.4 billions CHF, respectively [[# | ||
+ | |||
+ | The cost for the nuclear waste management and disposal in Switzerland is estimated to be 17.4 billions CHF. Taking into account the installed power in Switzerland (3.22GW), a lifetime of 50 years and a capacity factor of 0.85, the cost per unit of electricity produced is 14.51 CHF/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | The O&M cost is derived from the values of the French "Court des comptes" | ||
+ | |||
+ | All the above mentioned values and assumptions are for the 2011 cost. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The investment cost for 2035 and 2050 has also been redefined, and it is based on the available information for the new EPR (European Pressurized Reactor) in Flamanville [[# | ||
+ | |||
+ | The [[fuel_cost_nuclear|fuel cost]] for 2035 and 2050 has not been modified in this update. The O&M cost has been slightly increased as the O&M cost derived from the French "Court des comptes" | ||
+ | |||
+ | The next tables summarizes all the values. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ^ [[updates|Specific investment]] [CHF< | ||
+ | ^ ^2011 ^2035 ^2050 ^ | ||
+ | ^MIN |4'864 |8'294 |8'294 | | ||
+ | ^MID |::: |9'331 |9'331 | | ||
+ | ^MAX |::: |10' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ^ [[o_m_cost|O& | ||
+ | ^2011 ^2035 ^2050 ^ | ||
+ | |237 [[# | ||
+ | |||
+ | ^[[life_time|Lifetime]] [years]^2011 |50 | | ||
+ | ^::: ^2035 |60 [[# | ||
+ | ^::: ^2050 |60 [[# | ||
+ | |||
+ | ^ [[fuel_cost_nuclear|Fuel cost ]]< | ||
+ | ^ ^2011 ^2035 ^2050 ^ | ||
+ | ^MIN |18.65 |14.68 |14.68 | | ||
+ | ^MID |::: |16.18 | ||
+ | ^MAX |::: |17.45 |17.45 | | ||
+ | |||
+ | The applied currency exchange rates are 1.609 CHF/GBP, 1.380 CHF/EUR and 1.077 CHF/USD. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== References ===== | ||
+ | [1] [[http:// | ||
+ | erneuerbaren Energien, Ausgabe 2014, June 2015]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | [2] [[http:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | [3] [[http:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | [4] [[http:// | ||
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+ | [5] [[http:// | ||
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+ | [6] [[https:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | [7] IEA (2005). Projected Costs of Generating Electricity. International Energy Agency, Paris | ||
+ | |||
+ | [8] [[http:// | ||
+ | Institute of Technology. ISBN 0-615-12420-8.]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | [9] IEA (2007a). Nuclear Power. IEA Energy Technology Essentials, International Energy | ||
+ | Agency, Paris | ||
+ | |||
+ | [10] Konstantin, P. (2007). Praxisbuch Energiewirtschaft; | ||
+ | beschaffung im liberalisierten Markt. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. ISBN-10 3-540- | ||
+ | 35377-1. | ||
+ | |||
+ | [11] [[http:// | ||
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+ | [12] [[http:// | ||
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+ | [13] [[http:// | ||
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+ | [14] [[http:// | ||
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+ | [15] [[http:// | ||
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+ | [16] [[http:// |