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en:deep_geothermal_more_2 [2015/02/24 12:41] – external edit 127.0.0.1en:deep_geothermal_more_2 [2023/11/16 15:21] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 +            <div class="bloc single bgWhite">
 +                <header>
 +                    <h2>What can I choose in the calculator?</h2>
 +                </header>
 +                <div class="paddedContent">
 +                    The calculator lets you choose the share of Deep geothermal in the total electricity generation capacity in Switzerland in the selected year (2035 or 2050).
 +                </div>
 +            </div>
 +            <div class="bloc single bgWhite">
 +                <header>
 +                    <h2>Deep Geothermal Electricity</h2>
 +                </header>
 +                <img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=c_geo_more.jpg" alt="image"/>
 +            </div>
 +            <div class="bloc single bgWhite">
 +                <header>
 +                    <h2>Contents</h2>
 +                </header>
 +                <div class="paddedContent">
 +                    <ul>
 +                        <li>Impact</li>
 +                        <li>Global market</li>
 +                        <li>Definition</li>
 +                        <li>Constraints</li>
 +                        <li>Assumptions</li>
 +                        <li>Value range</li>
 +                        <li>References</li>
 +                    </ul>
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 +                <header class="lined">
 +                    <h2 class="fl">IMPACT – What are the impacts of Deep Geothermal Electricity?</h2>
 +                    <div class="clear"></div>
 +                </header>
 +                <div class="paddedContent">
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 +                        In Switzerland, increasing the share of Deep geothermal in the total electricity generation capacity will have the following impacts:
 +                        <div class="clear"></div>
 +                    </div>
 +                </div>
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 +                            <div class="questionAnswer">
 +                                <h4>Energy system</h4>
 +                                <div class="clear"></div>
 +
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=neutral_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> No direct impact on final electricity consumption.</p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=smiley_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Increases the share of renewable energy sources in the energy mix.</p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=smiley_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Likely to increase energy independence and energy security.</p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=smiley_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Can provide continuous electricity supply as it is not season or weather dependent.</p>
 +
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 +                                <h4>Environment & Climate</h4>
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 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=smiley_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Reduces global CO2 emissions.</p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=smiley_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> No impacts on deposited wastes.</p>
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 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=neutral_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Could have positive impact on total cost of energy transition, but costs of deep geothermal are currently not very predictable.</p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=smiley_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> May improve balance of payments by substituting fossil fuel and electricity imports.</p>
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 +                    <h2 class="fl">GLOBAL MARKET – What is the global market for Deep geothermal?</h2>
 +                    <div class="clear"></div>
 +                </header>
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 +                        The IEA estimates 69 TWh of geothermal electricity generation in 2011. This corresponds to 0.3% of total electricity generation worldwide and could climb to 1.3% by 2035 in IEA’s 450 scenario [3]. The installed capacity as of 2013 is estimated at 11.7 GW with. Countries with the three largest capacities are United States (3.4 GW), Philippines (1.9 GW) and Indonesia (1.3 GW) [4].
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 +                    <h2 class="fl">DEFINITION / CONSTRAINTS</h2>
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 +                                <h4>DEFINITION - What is Deep geothermal?</h4>
 +                                <div class="clear"></div>
 +
 +                                <p>Several methods exist to use deep geothermal energy to generate electricity, but the principle is always the extraction of thermal energy from deep underground, which has a sufficiently high temperature to be converted in electricity in a thermal power plant with a reasonable efficiency<./p>
 +                                <p>It generally consist in injecting water into geothermally active layers, which returns to the surface under pressure as steam.</p>
 +
 +                                <div class="clear"></div>
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 +                            <div class="questionAnswer">
 +                                <h4>CONSTRAINTS - What are the key barriers facing Deep geothermal deployment?</h4>
 +                                <div class="clear"></div>
 +
 +                                <p>• The temperature level generally increases in the Earth crust with depth, but drilling costs also increase exponentially with depth (away from the tectonic plates, the mean geothermal gradient is about 25°C per km of depth), with no certainty of discovering a exploitable resource in the exploration phase.</p>
 +<p>• Near tectonic plate boundaries, shallower drilling is required to reach economically exploitable  temperatures, but the risk of man-induced earthquakes due to drilling can cause public resistance and poses liability questions.</p>
 +
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 +  <div id="content">
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 +<!-- /BEGIN ASSUMPTIONS -->
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 +            <div class="bloc triple bgWhite">
 +                <header class="lined">
 +                    <h2 class="fl">ASSUMPTIONS – WHAT ARE THE ASSUMPTIONS CONSIDERED IN THE CALCULATOR?</h2>
 +                    <div class="clear"></div>
 +                </header>
 +                </div>
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 +
 +At the present moment there is no geothermal power plant for electricity production in Switzerland, that is the reason why there is no data for 2011.
 +
 +Next tables contain the assumptions that have been introduced in the Geothermal electricity model of the calculator.
 +
 +^  [[capacity_factor|Capacity factor]] <sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>  ^^
 +^2035 ^2050 ^
 +|0.85 |0.85 |
 +
 +^  [[emissions_geothermal|Emissions]]  ^^^
 +^  ^2035 ^2050 ^
 +|CO<sub>2</sub>-eq. emissions [kgCO<sub>2</sub>-eq./kWh<sub>e</sub>] |0.0840 |0.0840 |
 +|Deposited waste [UBP/kWh<sub>e</sub>] |19.8 |19.8 |
 +
 +^  [[cost_geothermal|Cost]]  ^^^
 +^  ^2035 ^2050 ^
 +|Specific investment [CHF/kW<sub>e</sub>] |11'164 |6'310 |
 +
 +
 +<html>
 +<div id="wrapper">
 +  <div id="content">
 +    <div class="blocWrapper">
 +
 +<!-- /BEGIN VALUE RANGE -->
 +    <a name="assumptions"></a>
 +            <div class="bloc triple bgWhite">
 +                <header class="lined">
 +                    <h2 class="fl">VALUE RANGE - WHAT RANGE OF VALUES CAN I CHOOSE?</h2>
 +                    <div class="clear"></div>
 +                </header>
 +                </div>
 +                <div class="clear"></div>
 +            </div>
 +            <div class="clear"></div>
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 +}
 +/* TEXTE PAGES ET ADMION */
 +#content.text,
 +.redactor_box {
 +  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans Serif;
 +  font-size: 16px;
 +  color: #333333;
 +  padding: 20px;
 +}
 +#content.text body,
 +.redactor_box body {
 +  background: none;
 +}
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 +.redactor_box h2,
 +#content.text h4,
 +.redactor_box h4 {
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 +  text-transform: uppercase;
 +  margin-bottom: 10px;
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 +.redactor_box p {
 +  color: #333333;
 +  margin-bottom: 20px;
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 +.redactor_box #wysiwyg {
 +  margin-bottom: 80px;
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 +hr {
 +  background: none;
 +  border: none;
 +  border-top: 1px solid #c2c2c2;
 +}
 +hr.marged {
 +  margin: 40px 0;
 +}
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 +  margin: 20px auto 40px auto;
 +  height: 20px;
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 +  float: left;
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 +  color: #000;
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 +</style>
 +</html>
 +
 +//MIN Value//: 0 GW
 +
 +//MAX Value//:
 +^2035 |0.7GW |The potential for 2050 is estimated to be 4.4 TWh <sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup>, produced by 0.57 GW ([[capacity_factor_wind|Capacity factor]] = 0.8).|
 +^2050 |::: |:::|
 +
 +
 +<html>
 +<div id="wrapper">
 +  <div id="content">
 +    <div class="blocWrapper">
 +
 +<!-- /REFERENCES -->
 +    <a name="assumptions"></a>
 +            <div class="bloc triple bgWhite">
 +                <header class="lined">
 +                    <h2 class="fl">REFERENCES</h2>
 +                    <div class="clear"></div>
 +                </header>
 +                </div>
 +                <div class="clear"></div>
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 +            <div class="clear"></div>
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 +  text-transform: uppercase;
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 +/* TEXTE PAGES ET ADMION */
 +#content.text,
 +.redactor_box {
 +  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans Serif;
 +  font-size: 16px;
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 +  padding: 20px;
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 +.redactor_box body {
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 +  text-transform: uppercase;
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 +.redactor_box p {
 +  color: #333333;
 +  margin-bottom: 20px;
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 +.redactor_box #wysiwyg {
 +  margin-bottom: 80px;
 +}
 +hr {
 +  background: none;
 +  border: none;
 +  border-top: 1px solid #c2c2c2;
 +}
 +hr.marged {
 +  margin: 40px 0;
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 +  margin: 20px auto 40px auto;
 +  height: 20px;
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 +  font-size: 20px;
 +  line-height: 23px;
 +  color: #797a7f;
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 +  color: #000;
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 +.pagination ul li.next {
 +  width: 11px;
 +  height: 20px;
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 +.pagination ul li.next {
 +  border-left: 0;
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 +  padding: 20px;
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 +  font-family: 'ProximaNovaCond-Regular';
 +  font-size: 14px;
 +  text-transform: uppercase;
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 +</style>
 +</html>
 +[1] [[http://www.strom.ch/uploads/media/AES_DCB_06_Electricite-geothermique_03-2013.pdf|VSE(2012), Electricité géothermique]]
 +
 +[2] [[http://www.bfe.admin.ch/php/modules/publikationen/stream.php?extlang=de&name=de_564869151.pdf&endung=Die%20Energieperspektiven%20f%FCr%20die%20Schweiz%20bis%202050|PROGNOS 2012, Die Energieperspektiven für die Schweiz bis 2050, Energienachfrage und Elektrizitätsangebot in der Schweiz 2000–2050.]]
 +
 +[3] [[http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/media/weowebsite/2013/WEO2013_Ch06_Renewables.pdf|International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2013]]
 +
 +[4] [[http://geo-energy.org/events/2013%20International%20Report%20Final.pdf|Geothermal Energy Association, Geothermal Power:International Market Overview, September 2013]]
  

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