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en:d_solar_more
WAS KANN ICH IM RECHNER WÄHLEN?
Der Rechner erlaubt es Ihnen den Anteil des Energieverbrauchs an dezentralisiertem Heizen zu wählen, der in der Schweiz von Solarthermie gedeckt werden soll, in den Jahren 2035 oder 2050.
Dezentralisierte Solarthermie
Norbert Nagel, via Wikimedia Commons
Inhalte
- Auswirkungen
- Globaler Markt
- Definition
- Einschränkungen
- Annahmen
- Quellenverzeichnis
AUSWIRKUNGEN - WELCHE AUSWIRKUNGEN HAT dezentralisierte Solarthermie?
Der Ausbau solarthermaler Energie wird in der Schweiz folgende Auswirkungen haben:
Energiesysteme
Reduktion des Gesamtverbrauch von Elektrizität und/oder fossiler Energie.
Erhöht den Anteil erneuerbarer Energien am Energiemix.
Wird voraussichtliche Energieunabhängigkeit und deren Sicherheit erhöhen.
Wenn elektrische Heizungen als Ergänzung benutzt werden für sonnenarme Monate, könnte dies die saisonale Kluft des Energieverbrauchs verschärfen (überschüssige Energieproduktion im Sommer und Energieknappheit im Winter).
Environment & Climate
Very likely to reduce global CO2 emissions.
Likely to avoid emissions of harmful pollutants, especially in urban areas (heating oil-boilers can remain off in summer).
Minimal environmental impacts due to waste (non-toxic, largely recyclable materials).
Society & Economy
Likely to have limited impact on the cost of the energy transition, unless prices of the fuels replaced by solar thermal rise sharply.
May improve balance of payments by substituting oil and/or electricity imports.
Reduce Confederation income from the tax on mineral oil and electricity under the current taxation system.
GLOBAL MARKET – What is the global market for Decentralised Solar Thermal energy?
The globally installed solar thermal capacity, including district heating and industry was estimated at 268 GW (thermal) in 2012. About 200 TWh of solar thermal heat has been used for heat in the buildings sector in 2011. Of this figure about 130 TWh (thermal) have been consumed in China alone, which has been the major growth market over the past 10 years. India could be the next fast growing market as it has set the goal to install 20 million m² of solar thermal collectors (14 GW thermal) by 2022.[1]
DEFINITION / CONSTRAINTS
DEFINITION - What is Decentralised Solar Thermal energy?
Decentralised solar thermal systems use solar collectors to harvest solar energy for use in the form of heat. They employ typically roof-mounted rectangular collectors made up of flat plates or evacuated tubes which capture solar radiation and thus generate heat.
The produced heat is then transferred to a water-filled thermal store and used to supply hot water and space heating energy. The thermal store can release heat for a period of hours up to several weeks, depending on the size of the tank, insulation and usage patterns.
CONSTRAINTS - What are the key barriers facing Decentralised Solar Thermal energy deployment?
• Decentralised Solar Thermal competes for roof-top area with Photovoltaics (PV). PV is often a more attractive investment due to guaranteed feed-in tariffs, whereas profitability of solar thermal hinges on prices of the conventional energy source that is being displaced.
• Unlikely to completely replace the need for a conventional water heater, so can be perceived as an additional capital cost and source of complexity, rather than as a means to save money.
• The produced heat cannot be stored for long or transported to another location, therefore much of the summer generation is wasted.
ASSUMPTIONS – What are the assumptions considered in the calculator?
Next tables contain the assumptions that have been introduced in the Photovoltaic energy model of the calculator.
| Capacity factor |
|---|
| 2011-2050 |
| 0.113 |
| Monthly distribution* | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| J | F | M | A | M | J | J | A | S | O | N | D |
| 0.048 | 0.062 | 0.090 | 0.089 | 0.106 | 0.110 | 0.121 | 0.112 | 0.098 | 0.076 | 0.049 | 0.041 |
*Based radiation data for the village of Verbier.
| Emissions | |
|---|---|
| 2011-2050 | |
| CO2-eq. emissions [kgCO2-eq./GWhth] | 10'973 |
| Deposited waste [UBP/GWhth] | 1'718'064 |
| Cost | |
|---|---|
| 2011-2050 | |
| Specific investment [CHF/kWth] | 2'090 |
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en/d_solar_more.txt · Last modified: 2023/11/16 15:21 by 127.0.0.1
