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en:combined_gas_cycle_more [2019/10/22 09:17] – external edit 127.0.0.1en:combined_gas_cycle_more [2023/11/16 15:21] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 +  <div id="content">
 +    <div class="blocWrapper">
 +
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 +            <div class="bloc single bgWhite">
 +                <header>
 +                    <h2>What can I choose in the calculator?</h2>
 +                </header>
 +                <div class="paddedContent">
 +                    
 +                    The calculator lets you choose the installed capacity of CCGT power plants in Switzerland in the selected year (2035 or 2050). A higher installed capacity results in higher capital costs (due to the construction and installation of the facilities) but does not necessarily imply a greater power production - it may be more profitable to operate other energy conversion facilities (such as windmills or solar plants).
 +             
 +                </div>
 +            </div>
 +            <div class="bloc single bgWhite">
 +                <header>
 +                    <h2>Combined cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT)</h2>
 +                </header>
 +                <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Trianel_Kraftwerk_2013.jpg/640px-Trianel_Kraftwerk_2013.jpg" alt="image"/>
 +                <small> Hamm-Uentrop power plant, Tim Reckmann, via Wikimedia Commons </small>
 +            </div>
 +            <div class="bloc single bgWhite">
 +                <header>
 +                    <h2>Contents</h2>
 +                </header>
 +                <div class="paddedContent">
 +                    <ul>
 +                        <li>Impact</li>
 +                        <li>Definition</li>
 +                        <li>Constraints</li>
 +                        <li>Assumptions</li>
 +                        <li>Value range</li>
 +                        <li>References</li>
 +                    </ul>
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 +
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 +                <header class="lined">
 +                    <h2 class="fl">IMPACT – What are the impacts of CCGT plants?</h2>
 +                    <div class="clear"></div>
 +                </header>
 +                <div class="paddedContent">
 +                    <div class="bloc triple bgWhite">
 +                        In Switzerland, increasing the installed capacity of CCGT power plants may result in an increase of the share of CCGT energy in the total electricity production capacity. In this case, this would have the following impacts:
 +                        <div class="clear"></div>
 +                    </div>
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 +                            <div class="questionAnswer">
 +                                <h4>Energy system</h4>
 +                                <div class="clear"></div>
 +
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=sad_face.png
 +" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Increase primary energy demand as it would replace hydro or nuclear that have lower primary energy inputs.</p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=sad_face.png
 +" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Increase total fossil fuel consumption.</p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=sad_face.png
 +" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Likely to decrease the share of renewable energy sources in the energy mix.</p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=sad_face.png
 +" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Likely to decrease energy independence by increasing fossil imports.</p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=smiley_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Likely to improve grid stability and security by providing responsive, dispatchable generating capacity.</p>
 +
 +
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 +                                <h4>Environment & Climate</h4>
 +                                <div class="clear"></div>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=sad_face.png
 +" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Likely to increase global CO2 emissions. (Note that this conclusion is specific to Switzerland; in other countries CCGT plants could reduce CO2 emissions)</p>
 +
 +
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 +                                <h4>Society & Economy</h4>
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 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=smiley_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Likely reduce the cost of the energy transition.</p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=smiley_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> May reduce total cost of ownership of vehicles. </p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=sad_face.png
 +" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> May worsen balance of payments by increasing fossil imports.</p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=smiley_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> May increase Confederation income from the tax on mineral oil under the current taxation system.</p>
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 +
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 +                    <h2 class="fl">DEFINITION / CONSTRAINTS</h2>
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 +                                <h4>DEFINITION - What is a CCGT plant?</h4>
 +                                <div class="clear"></div>
 +
 +                                <p>A Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) plant uses two thermodynamic cycles successively  to generate electricity with a high overall efficiency. A gas turbine first burns natural gas or heating oil and drives a generator(gas cycle9. Waste heat from the gas turbine is used to generate steam which drives a steam turbine and generates thus additional electricity (steam cycle).</p>
 +                                <p>State of the art CCGT plants can reach an overall electrical efficiency of about 50–60%.</p>
 +
 +                                <div class="clear"></div>
 +                            </div>
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 +                            <div class="questionAnswer">
 +                                <h4>CONSTRAINTS - What are the key barriers facing CCGT plants deployment?</h4>
 +                                <div class="clear"></div>
 +
 +                                <p>• CCGTs are mature, commercial technology that can be deployed comparatively easily.</p>
 +<p>• A significant shift towards CCGTs would likely, however, necessitate the development of additional natural gas supply transport capacities with neighbour countries.</p>
 +
 +
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 +  color: #000;
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 +  width: 11px;
 +  height: 20px;
 +}
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 +.pagination ul li.nobl,
 +.pagination ul li.next {
 +  border-left: 0;
 +}
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 +  padding: 20px;
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 +  margin: 40px 0 30px 20px;
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 +  font-family: 'ProximaNovaCond-Regular';
 +  font-size: 14px;
 +  text-transform: uppercase;
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 +  float: left;
 +  margin-right: 60px;
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 +  overflow: auto;
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 +</style>
 +</html>
 +
 +<html>
 +<div id="wrapper">
 +  <div id="content">
 +    <div class="blocWrapper">
 +
 +<!-- /BEGIN ASSUMPTIONS -->
 +    <a name="assumptions"></a>
 +            <div class="bloc triple bgWhite">
 +                <header class="lined">
 +                    <h2 class="fl">ASSUMPTIONS – WHAT ARE THE ASSUMPTIONS CONSIDERED IN THE CALCULATOR?</h2>
 +                    <div class="clear"></div>
 +                </header>
 +                </div>
 +                <div class="clear"></div>
 +            </div>
 +            <div class="clear"></div>
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 +/* TEXTE PAGES ET ADMION */
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 +  margin: 20px auto 40px auto;
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 +  font-size: 20px;
 +  line-height: 23px;
 +  color: #797a7f;
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 +  color: #000;
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 +.pagination ul li.next {
 +  width: 11px;
 +  height: 20px;
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 +.pagination ul li.next {
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 +  padding: 20px;
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 +  font-family: 'ProximaNovaCond-Regular';
 +  font-size: 14px;
 +  text-transform: uppercase;
 +}
 +.dokuwiki div.page {
 +  overflow: auto;
 +}
 +</style>
 +</html>
 +
 +In Switzerland there are currently three CCGT power plants: Monthey (55 MWe), Pierre-de-Plan (34 MWe) and Cornaux (43 MWe) <sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>. These power plants are actually cogeneration plants (heat&electricity generation) because of the existence of a law that fixes a bottom energy efficiency (58.5% for existing plants and 62% for new plants <sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>) which cannot be reached unless cogeneration is done. Thus there is no assumption for 2011 as the exisiting plants are part of the [[heating_cogeneration|centralized cogeneration technologies]].
 +
 +Next tables contain the assumptions that have been introduced in the CCGT energy model of the calculator.
 +
 +^  [[ccgt_capacity_factor|Capacity factor]]  ^^
 +^2035 ^2050 ^
 +|  Variable  ||
 +
 +^  [[ccgt_efficiency|Efficiency]] [%]  ^^^
 +^ ^2035 ^2050 ^
 +^Without CCS |63 <sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup>|65 <sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup>|
 +^With CCS |57 <sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup>|61 <sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup>|
 +
 +^  [[emissions_ccgt|Emissions]]  ^^^^^
 +^ ^2035 ^^2050 ^^
 +^::: ^Without CCS ^With CCS ^Without CCS ^With CCS ^
 +|CO<sub>2</sub>-eq. emissions [kgCO<sub>2</sub>-eq./kWh<sub>e</sub>] |0.376 |0.111 |0.361 |0.0934|
 +|Deposited waste [UBP/kWh<sub>e</sub>] |0.684 |3.88 |0.645 |3.33 |
 +
 +^  [[cost_ccgt|Cost]]  ^^^^^
 +^ ^2035 ^^2050 ^^
 +^::: ^Without CCS ^With CCS ^Without CCS ^With CCS ^
 +|Specific investment [CHF<sub>2010</sub>/kW<sub>e</sub>] |914 |1'537 |877 |1'392 |
 +
 +<html>
 +<div id="wrapper">
 +  <div id="content">
 +    <div class="blocWrapper">
 +
 +<!-- /BEGIN VALUE RANGE -->
 +    <a name="assumptions"></a>
 +            <div class="bloc triple bgWhite">
 +                <header class="lined">
 +                    <h2 class="fl">VALUE RANGE - WHAT RANGE OF VALUES CAN I CHOOSE?</h2>
 +                    <div class="clear"></div>
 +                </header>
 +                </div>
 +                <div class="clear"></div>
 +            </div>
 +            <div class="clear"></div>
 +    <!-- /END ASSUMPTIONS -->
 +
 +<style>
 +.dokuwiki div.page { padding: 5px; }
 +#wrapper #content .blocWrapper {
 +  margin: 0 5px 0 5px;
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 +#wrapper #content .bloc header.lined {
 +  border-bottom: 1px solid #c2c2c2;
 +}
 +#wrapper #content .bloc h2 {
 +  font-size: 20px;
 +  font-family: 'ProximaNovaCond-Light';
 +  color: #535559;
 +  font-weight: normal;
 +  text-transform: uppercase;
 +  margin: 0;
 +}
 +#wrapper #content .bloc.bgWhite {
 +  background: #fff;
 +}
 +#wrapper #content .intro .txt h2 {
 +  font-family: 'ProximaNovaCond-Light';
 +  font-size: 32px;
 +  color: #535559;
 +  text-transform: uppercase;
 +  margin-bottom: 6px;
 +}
 +#wrapper #content #newsWrapper .news h2 {
 +  font-family: 'ProximaNovaCond-Regular';
 +  font-size: 28px;
 +  margin-bottom: 15px;
 +}
 +#wrapper #content #faqWrapper h2 {
 +  text-align: center;
 +  font-family: 'ProximaNovaCond-Semibold';
 +  font-size: 26px;
 +  text-transform: uppercase;
 +  color: #1d1d1b;
 +  margin-bottom: 20px;
 +}
 +/* TEXTE PAGES ET ADMION */
 +#content.text,
 +.redactor_box {
 +  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans Serif;
 +  font-size: 16px;
 +  color: #333333;
 +  padding: 20px;
 +}
 +#content.text body,
 +.redactor_box body {
 +  background: none;
 +}
 +#content.text h2,
 +.redactor_box h2,
 +#content.text h4,
 +.redactor_box h4 {
 +  font-family: 'ProximaNovaCond-Semibold';
 +  font-size: 44px;
 +  color: #000;
 +  text-transform: uppercase;
 +  margin-bottom: 10px;
 +}
 +#content.text p,
 +.redactor_box p {
 +  color: #333333;
 +  margin-bottom: 20px;
 +}
 +#content.text #wysiwyg,
 +.redactor_box #wysiwyg {
 +  margin-bottom: 80px;
 +}
 +hr {
 +  background: none;
 +  border: none;
 +  border-top: 1px solid #c2c2c2;
 +}
 +hr.marged {
 +  margin: 40px 0;
 +}
 +.pagination {
 +  margin: 20px auto 40px auto;
 +  height: 20px;
 +}
 +.pagination ul li {
 +  float: left;
 +  padding: 0 10px;
 +  border-left: 1px solid #c2c2c2;
 +}
 +.pagination ul li a {
 +  font-family: 'ProximaNovaCond-Light';
 +  font-size: 20px;
 +  line-height: 23px;
 +  color: #797a7f;
 +}
 +.pagination ul li a.active {
 +  color: #000;
 +}
 +.pagination ul li.prev,
 +.pagination ul li.next {
 +  width: 11px;
 +  height: 20px;
 +}
 +.pagination ul li.prev,
 +.pagination ul li.nobl,
 +.pagination ul li.next {
 +  border-left: 0;
 +}
 +.paddedContent {
 +  padding: 20px;
 +}
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 +  font-family: 'ProximaNovaCond-Regular';
 +  font-size: 14px;
 +  text-transform: uppercase;
 +}
 +.dokuwiki div.page {
 +  overflow: auto;
 +}
 +</style>
 +</html>
 +
 +//MIN Value//: 0 GW
 +
 +//MAX Value//:
 +^2035 |10 GW  |
 +^2050 |::: |
 +
 +<html>
 +<div id="wrapper">
 +  <div id="content">
 +    <div class="blocWrapper">
 +
 +<!-- /REFERENCES -->
 +    <a name="assumptions"></a>
 +            <div class="bloc triple bgWhite">
 +                <header class="lined">
 +                    <h2 class="fl">REFERENCES</h2>
 +                    <div class="clear"></div>
 +                </header>
 +                </div>
 +                <div class="clear"></div>
 +            </div>
 +            <div class="clear"></div>
 +    <!-- /END ASSUMPTIONS -->
 +
 +<style>
 +.dokuwiki div.page { padding: 5px; }
 +#wrapper #content .blocWrapper {
 +  margin: 0 5px 0 5px;
 +}
 +#wrapper #content .bloc header.lined {
 +  border-bottom: 1px solid #c2c2c2;
 +}
 +#wrapper #content .bloc h2 {
 +  font-size: 20px;
 +  font-family: 'ProximaNovaCond-Light';
 +  color: #535559;
 +  font-weight: normal;
 +  text-transform: uppercase;
 +  margin: 0;
 +}
 +#wrapper #content .bloc.bgWhite {
 +  background: #fff;
 +}
 +#wrapper #content .intro .txt h2 {
 +  font-family: 'ProximaNovaCond-Light';
 +  font-size: 32px;
 +  color: #535559;
 +  text-transform: uppercase;
 +  margin-bottom: 6px;
 +}
 +#wrapper #content #newsWrapper .news h2 {
 +  font-family: 'ProximaNovaCond-Regular';
 +  font-size: 28px;
 +  margin-bottom: 15px;
 +}
 +#wrapper #content #faqWrapper h2 {
 +  text-align: center;
 +  font-family: 'ProximaNovaCond-Semibold';
 +  font-size: 26px;
 +  text-transform: uppercase;
 +  color: #1d1d1b;
 +  margin-bottom: 20px;
 +}
 +/* TEXTE PAGES ET ADMION */
 +#content.text,
 +.redactor_box {
 +  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans Serif;
 +  font-size: 16px;
 +  color: #333333;
 +  padding: 20px;
 +}
 +#content.text body,
 +.redactor_box body {
 +  background: none;
 +}
 +#content.text h2,
 +.redactor_box h2,
 +#content.text h4,
 +.redactor_box h4 {
 +  font-family: 'ProximaNovaCond-Semibold';
 +  font-size: 44px;
 +  color: #000;
 +  text-transform: uppercase;
 +  margin-bottom: 10px;
 +}
 +#content.text p,
 +.redactor_box p {
 +  color: #333333;
 +  margin-bottom: 20px;
 +}
 +#content.text #wysiwyg,
 +.redactor_box #wysiwyg {
 +  margin-bottom: 80px;
 +}
 +hr {
 +  background: none;
 +  border: none;
 +  border-top: 1px solid #c2c2c2;
 +}
 +hr.marged {
 +  margin: 40px 0;
 +}
 +.pagination {
 +  margin: 20px auto 40px auto;
 +  height: 20px;
 +}
 +.pagination ul li {
 +  float: left;
 +  padding: 0 10px;
 +  border-left: 1px solid #c2c2c2;
 +}
 +.pagination ul li a {
 +  font-family: 'ProximaNovaCond-Light';
 +  font-size: 20px;
 +  line-height: 23px;
 +  color: #797a7f;
 +}
 +.pagination ul li a.active {
 +  color: #000;
 +}
 +.pagination ul li.prev,
 +.pagination ul li.next {
 +  width: 11px;
 +  height: 20px;
 +}
 +.pagination ul li.prev,
 +.pagination ul li.nobl,
 +.pagination ul li.next {
 +  border-left: 0;
 +}
 +.paddedContent {
 +  padding: 20px;
 +}
 +#sponsorsWrapper h2 {
 +  font-family: 'ProximaNovaCond-Regular';
 +  font-size: 14px;
 +  text-transform: uppercase;
 +}
 +.dokuwiki div.page {
 +  overflow: auto;
 +}
 +</style>
 +</html>
 +
 +[1] [[http://www.strom.ch/uploads/media/AES_DCB_09_CCC_03-2013.pdf|VSE(2012), Centrales à gaz à cycle combiné (CCC)]]
 +
 +[2] [[http://www.needs-project.org/docs/RS1a%20D7.2%20Final%20report%20on%20advanced%20fossil%20power%20plants.pdf|NEEDS project(2008), Final report on technical data, costs, and life cycle inventories of advanced fossil power generation systems]]