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d_boiler_more [2015/01/29 12:24] tvmendesd_boiler_more [2023/11/16 15:21] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 +            <div class="bloc single bgWhite">
 +                <header>
 +                    <h2>What can I choose in the calculator?</h2>
 +                </header>
 +                <div class="paddedContent">
 +                    The calculator lets you choose the share of total decentralised heat demand covered by Decentralised Boilers in Switzerland in the selected year (2035 or 2050).
 +                </div>
 +            </div>
 +            <div class="bloc single bgWhite">
 +                <header>
 +                    <h2>Decentralised Boilers</h2>
 +                </header>
 +                <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Gaspitjes_boiler.JPG/640px-Gaspitjes_boiler.JPG?uselang=fr" alt="image"/>
 +            </div>
 +            <div class="bloc single bgWhite">
 +                <header>
 +                    <h2>Contents</h2>
 +                </header>
 +                <div class="paddedContent">
 +                    <ul>
 +                        <li>Impact</li>
 +                        <li>Global markets</li>
 +                        <li>Definition</li>
 +                        <li>Constraints</li>
 +                        <li>Assumptions</li>
 +                        <li>References</li>
 +                    </ul>
 +                </div>
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 +            <div class="bloc triple bgWhite">
 +                <header class="lined">
 +                    <h2 class="fl">IMPACT – What are the impacts of Decentralised Boilers?</h2>
 +                    <div class="clear"></div>
 +                </header>
 +                <div class="paddedContent">
 +                    <div class="bloc triple bgWhite">
 +                       In Switzerland, increasing the share of Decentralised Boilers will have the following impacts:
 +                        <div class="clear"></div>
 +                    </div>
 +                </div>
 +                <div class="larged">
 +                        <div class="paddedContent">
 +                            <div class="questionAnswer">
 +                                <h4>Energy system</h4>
 +                                <div class="clear"></div>
 +
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=neutral_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/>
 + Will not impact final energy demand.</p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=smiley_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Decrease total electricity consumption.</p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=sad_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/>
 + Likely to increase total natural gas and heating oil consumption.</p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=sad_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/>
 + May decrease the share of renewable energy sources in the energy mix unless wood boilers are the primary choice. </p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=sad_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/>
 + Likely to decrease energy independence and energy security by requiring more fossil imports.</p>
 +
 +
 +                                <div class="clear"></div>
 +                            </div>
 +                        </div>
 +                    </div>
 +
 +                    <div class="larged">
 +                        <div class="paddedContent">
 +                            <div class="questionAnswer">
 +                                <h4>Environment & Climate</h4>
 +                                <div class="clear"></div>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=sad_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/>
 + Likely to increase CO2 emissions if natural gas or heating oil boilers are the primary choice.</p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=smiley_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Could decrease CO2 emissions if wood boilers are the primary choice.</p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=sad_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/>
 + May increase deposited waste if heating oil systems are replaced by natural gas or wood boilers leading to oil storage tanks being removed.</p>
 +
 +
 +                                <div class="clear"></div>
 +                            </div>
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 +                                <h4>Society & Economy</h4>
 +                                <div class="clear"></div>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=smiley_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> May decrease the cost of the energy transition if natural gas boilers are the primary choice.</p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=sad_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/>
 + May increase the cost of the energy transition if heating oil or wood boilers are the primary choice.</p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=smiley_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Could support the Swiss forestry sector and forest stewardship if wood boilers play a significant role.</p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=smiley_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> May increase Confederation income from the tax on mineral oil under the current taxation system.</p>
 +
 +
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 +
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 +            </div>
 +            <div class="clear"></div>
 +    <!-- /END impact -->
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 +  <!-- /BEGIN GLOBAL MARKET -->
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 +                    <h2 class="fl">GLOBAL MARKET – What is the global market for Decentralised Boilers?</h2>
 +                    <div class="clear"></div>
 +                </header>
 +                <div class="paddedContent">
 +
 +                        The global market for heating, which includes both boilers for heating and for domestic hot water, was estimated to be worth about US$37 billion in 2012. About half of this, or US$19 billion, was in Europe.[1]
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 +    <!-- /END GLOBAL MARKET -->
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 +
 +    <!-- /BEGIN DEFINITION CONSTRAINTS -->
 +    <a name="definition"></a><a name="constraints"></a>
 +            <div class="bloc triple bgWhite">
 +                <header class="lined">
 +                    <h2 class="fl">DEFINITION / CONSTRAINTS</h2>
 +                    <div class="clear"></div>
 +                </header>
 +                    <div class="half">
 +                        <div class="paddedContent">
 +                            <div class="questionAnswer">
 +                                <h4>DEFINITION - What are Decentralised Boilers?</h4>
 +                                <div class="clear"></div>
 +
 +                                <p>Decentralised Boilers burn fuels such as natural gas, heating oil or wood and generate hot water. They can be used for domestic hot water and for space heating. Boilers can also be used to generate hot air for space heating but this technology is not very widespread in Switzerland.</p>
 +                                <p>Current condensing boilers operating on natural gas or heating oil typically capture about 90-95% of the energy content of the fuel. Both non-condensing and condensing wood-fired boilers are available with typical energy efficiencies in the range of 80-90% and 90-95% respectively.</p>
 +
 +                                <div class="clear"></div>
 +                            </div>
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 +                                <h4>CONSTRAINTS - What are the key barriers facing Decentralised Boilers deployment?</h4>
 +                                <div class="clear"></div>
 +
 +                                <p>• Switch of energy source likely to require change in consumer habits and therefore outreach and education.</p>
 +                                <p>• Installation of wet heating system is disruptive to building fabric.</p>
 +                                <p>• Switch to wood boilers requires storage space for fuel and footprint of boiler slightly larger than the one of oil or ga boilerss.</p>
 +                                <p>• Switch to wood boilers may require elimination of existing heating oil storage tanks.</p>
 +                                <p>• Cheapest option (natural gas) does not bring significant environmental benefits.</p>
 +
 +
 +                                <div class="clear"></div>
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 +                        </div>
 +                    </div>
 +                <div class="clear"></div>
 +            </div>
 +            <div class="clear"></div>
 +    <!-- /END DEFINITION CONSTRAINTS -->
 +
 +
 +    <!-- /BEGIN ASSUMPTIONS -->
 +    <a name="assumptions"></a>
 +            <div class="bloc triple bgWhite">
 +                <header class="lined">
 +                    <h2 class="fl">ASSUMPTIONS – What are the assumptions considered in the calculator?</h2>
 +                    <div class="clear"></div>
 +                </header>
 +
 +            </div>
 +            <div class="clear"></div>
 +    <!-- /END ASSUMPTIONS -->
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 +
 +The model contain three types of centralized boilers: gas boiler, oil boiler and wood boiler.
 +
 +Next tables contain the assumptions that have been introduced in the Decentralized boiler model of the calculator.
 +
 +^  Efficiency [%]  ^^^
 +^  ^  2035  ^  2050  ^
 +|**Gas** |102 |105 |
 +|**Oil** |100 |102 |
 +|**Wood** |85 |90 |
 +
 +
 +^  [[d_boiler_emissions|Emissions]]  ^^^
 +^  ^^  2011-2050  ^
 +^CO<sub>2</sub>-eq. emissions [kgCO<sub>2</sub>-eq./MJ<sub>fuel</sub>] |**Gas**|0.0733 |
 +^::: |**Oil**|0.0893 |
 +^::: |**Wood**|0.00452 |
 +^Deposited waste [UBP/MJ<sub>fuel</sub>] |**Gas**|0.614 |
 +^::: |**Oil**|1.41 |
 +^::: |**Wood**|1.18 |
 +
 +
 +^  [[d_boiler_cost|Cost]]  ^^^
 +^  ^^  2011-2050  ^
 +^Specific investment [CHF<sub>2010</sub>/kW<sub>th</sub>] |**Gas**|178 |
 +^::: |**Oil**|547 |
 +^::: |**Wood**|933 |
 +
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 +                    <h2 class="fl">REFERENCES</h2>
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 +
 +[1] [[http://www.slideshare.net/BSRIA/heating-and-renewable-trend-sedited|BSRIA, Trends in world traditional and renewable heating markets, MC Expocomfort 2014]]