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combined_gas_cycle_more [2014/08/28 13:17] lpgilliacombined_gas_cycle_more [2023/11/16 15:21] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 +<html>
 +<div id="wrapper">
 +  <div id="content">
 +    <div class="blocWrapper">
 +
 +
 +    <!-- /BEGIN 1st row -->
 +        <div class="blocGroupWrapper">
 +            <div class="bloc single bgWhite">
 +                <header>
 +                    <h2>What can I choose in the calculator?</h2>
 +                </header>
 +                <div class="paddedContent">
 +                    The calculator lets you choose the share of CCGT energy in the total electricity production capacity in Switzerland in the selected year (2035 or 2050).
 +                </div>
 +            </div>
 +            <div class="bloc single bgWhite">
 +                <header>
 +                    <h2>Combined cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT)</h2>
 +                </header>
 +                <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Trianel_Kraftwerk_2013.jpg/640px-Trianel_Kraftwerk_2013.jpg" alt="image"/>
 +                <small> Hamm-Uentrop power plant, Tim Reckmann, via Wikimedia Commons </small>
 +            </div>
 +            <div class="bloc single bgWhite">
 +                <header>
 +                    <h2>Contents</h2>
 +                </header>
 +                <div class="paddedContent">
 +                    <ul>
 +                        <li>Impact</li>
 +                        <li>Definition</li>
 +                        <li>Constraints</li>
 +                        <li>Assumptions</li>
 +                        <li>Value range</li>
 +                        <li>References</li>
 +                    </ul>
 +                </div>
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 +
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 +            <div class="bloc triple bgWhite">
 +                <header class="lined">
 +                    <h2 class="fl">IMPACT – What are the impacts of CCGT plants?</h2>
 +                    <div class="clear"></div>
 +                </header>
 +                <div class="paddedContent">
 +                    <div class="bloc triple bgWhite">
 +                        In Switzerland, increasing the share of CCGT energy in the total electricity production capacity will have the following impacts:
 +                        <div class="clear"></div>
 +                    </div>
 +                </div>
 +                <div class="larged">
 +                        <div class="paddedContent">
 +                            <div class="questionAnswer">
 +                                <h4>Energy system</h4>
 +                                <div class="clear"></div>
 +
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=sad_face.png
 +" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Increase primary energy demand as it would replace hydro or nuclear that have lower primary energy inputs.</p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=sad_face.png
 +" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Increase total fossil fuel consumption.</p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=sad_face.png
 +" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Likely to decrease the share of renewable energy sources in the energy mix.</p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=sad_face.png
 +" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Likely to decrease energy independence by increasing fossil imports.</p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=smiley_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Likely to improve grid stability and security by providing responsive, dispatchable generating capacity.</p>
 +
 +
 +                                <div class="clear"></div>
 +                            </div>
 +                        </div>
 +                    </div>
 +
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 +                        <div class="paddedContent">
 +                            <div class="questionAnswer">
 +                                <h4>Environment & Climate</h4>
 +                                <div class="clear"></div>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=sad_face.png
 +" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Likely to increase global CO2 emissions. (Note that this conclusion is specific to Switzerland; in other countries CCGT plants could reduce CO2 emissions)</p>
 +
 +
 +                                <div class="clear"></div>
 +                            </div>
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 +                                <h4>Society & Economy</h4>
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 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=smiley_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Likely reduce the cost of the energy transition.</p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=smiley_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> May reduce total cost of ownership of vehicles. </p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=sad_face.png
 +" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> May worsen balance of payments by increasing fossil imports.</p>
 +                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=smiley_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> May increase Confederation income from the tax on mineral oil under the current taxation system.</p>
 +
 +
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 +                            </div>
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 +
 +
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 +    <!-- /END impact -->
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 +            <div class="bloc triple bgWhite">
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 +                    <h2 class="fl">DEFINITION / CONSTRAINTS</h2>
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 +                            <div class="questionAnswer">
 +                                <h4>DEFINITION - What is a CCGT plant?</h4>
 +                                <div class="clear"></div>
 +
 +                                <p>A Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) plant uses two thermodynamic cycles successively  to generate electricity with a high overall efficiency. A gas turbine first burns natural gas or heating oil and drives a generator(gas cycle9. Waste heat from the gas turbine is used to generate steam which drives a steam turbine and generates thus additional electricity (steam cycle).</p>
 +                                <p>State of the art CCGT plants can reach an overall electrical efficiency of about 50–60%.</p>
 +
 +                                <div class="clear"></div>
 +                            </div>
 +                        </div>
 +                    </div>
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 +                            <div class="questionAnswer">
 +                                <h4>CONSTRAINTS - What are the key barriers facing CCGT plants deployment?</h4>
 +                                <div class="clear"></div>
 +
 +                                <p>• CCGTs are mature, commercial technology that can be deployed comparatively easily.</p>
 +<p>• A significant shift towards CCGTs would likely, however, necessitate the development of additional natural gas supply transport capacities with neighbour countries.</p>
 +
 +
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 +            </div>
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 +  color: #000;
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 +  height: 20px;
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 +.pagination ul li.nobl,
 +.pagination ul li.next {
 +  border-left: 0;
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 +  padding: 20px;
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 +  margin: 40px 0 30px 20px;
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 +  float: left;
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 +  overflow: auto;
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 +</style>
 +</html>
 +
 +<html>
 +<div id="wrapper">
 +  <div id="content">
 +    <div class="blocWrapper">
 +
 +<!-- /BEGIN ASSUMPTIONS -->
 +    <a name="assumptions"></a>
 +            <div class="bloc triple bgWhite">
 +                <header class="lined">
 +                    <h2 class="fl">ASSUMPTIONS – WHAT ARE THE ASSUMPTIONS CONSIDERED IN THE CALCULATOR?</h2>
 +                    <div class="clear"></div>
 +                </header>
 +                </div>
 +                <div class="clear"></div>
 +            </div>
 +            <div class="clear"></div>
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 +/* TEXTE PAGES ET ADMION */
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 +  width: 11px;
 +  height: 20px;
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 +  font-family: 'ProximaNovaCond-Regular';
 +  font-size: 14px;
 +  text-transform: uppercase;
 +}
 +.dokuwiki div.page {
 +  overflow: auto;
 +}
 +</style>
 +</html>
 +
 +In Switzerland there are currently three CCGT power plants: Monthey (55 MWe), Pierre-de-Plan (34 MWe) and Cornaux (43 MWe) <sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>. These power plants are actually cogeneration plants (heat&electricity generation) because of the existence of a law that fixes a bottom energy efficiency (58.5% for existing plants and 62% for new plants <sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>) which cannot be reached unless cogeneration is done. Thus there is no assumption for 2011 as the exisiting plants are part of the [[heating_cogeneration|centralized cogeneration technologies]].
 +
 +Next tables contain the assumptions that have been introduced in the CCGT energy model of the calculator.
 +
 +^  [[ccgt_capacity_factor|Capacity factor]]  ^^
 +^2035 ^2050 ^
 +|  Variable  ||
 +
 +^  [[ccgt_efficiency|Efficiency]] [%]  ^^^
 +^ ^2035 ^2050 ^
 +^Without CCS |63 <sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup>|65 <sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup>|
 +^With CCS |57 <sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup>|61 <sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup>|
 +
 +^  [[emissions_ccgt|Emissions]]  ^^^^^
 +^ ^2035 ^^2050 ^^
 +^::: ^Without CCS ^With CCS ^Without CCS ^With CCS ^
 +|CO<sub>2</sub>-eq. emissions [kgCO<sub>2</sub>-eq./kWh<sub>e</sub>] |0.376 |0.111 |0.361 |0.0934|
 +|Deposited waste [UBP/kWh<sub>e</sub>] |0.684 |3.88 |0.645 |3.33 |
 +
 +^  [[cost_ccgt|Cost]]  ^^^^^
 +^ ^2035 ^^2050 ^^
 +^::: ^Without CCS ^With CCS ^Without CCS ^With CCS ^
 +|Specific investment [CHF<sub>2010</sub>/kW<sub>e</sub>] |914 |1'537 |877 |1'392 |
 +
 +<html>
 +<div id="wrapper">
 +  <div id="content">
 +    <div class="blocWrapper">
 +
 +<!-- /BEGIN VALUE RANGE -->
 +    <a name="assumptions"></a>
 +            <div class="bloc triple bgWhite">
 +                <header class="lined">
 +                    <h2 class="fl">VALUE RANGE - WHAT RANGE OF VALUES CAN I CHOOSE?</h2>
 +                    <div class="clear"></div>
 +                </header>
 +                </div>
 +                <div class="clear"></div>
 +            </div>
 +            <div class="clear"></div>
 +    <!-- /END ASSUMPTIONS -->
 +
 +<style>
 +.dokuwiki div.page { padding: 5px; }
 +#wrapper #content .blocWrapper {
 +  margin: 0 5px 0 5px;
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 +#wrapper #content .bloc header.lined {
 +  border-bottom: 1px solid #c2c2c2;
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 +  font-size: 20px;
 +  font-family: 'ProximaNovaCond-Light';
 +  color: #535559;
 +  font-weight: normal;
 +  text-transform: uppercase;
 +  margin: 0;
 +}
 +#wrapper #content .bloc.bgWhite {
 +  background: #fff;
 +}
 +#wrapper #content .intro .txt h2 {
 +  font-family: 'ProximaNovaCond-Light';
 +  font-size: 32px;
 +  color: #535559;
 +  text-transform: uppercase;
 +  margin-bottom: 6px;
 +}
 +#wrapper #content #newsWrapper .news h2 {
 +  font-family: 'ProximaNovaCond-Regular';
 +  font-size: 28px;
 +  margin-bottom: 15px;
 +}
 +#wrapper #content #faqWrapper h2 {
 +  text-align: center;
 +  font-family: 'ProximaNovaCond-Semibold';
 +  font-size: 26px;
 +  text-transform: uppercase;
 +  color: #1d1d1b;
 +  margin-bottom: 20px;
 +}
 +/* TEXTE PAGES ET ADMION */
 +#content.text,
 +.redactor_box {
 +  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans Serif;
 +  font-size: 16px;
 +  color: #333333;
 +  padding: 20px;
 +}
 +#content.text body,
 +.redactor_box body {
 +  background: none;
 +}
 +#content.text h2,
 +.redactor_box h2,
 +#content.text h4,
 +.redactor_box h4 {
 +  font-family: 'ProximaNovaCond-Semibold';
 +  font-size: 44px;
 +  color: #000;
 +  text-transform: uppercase;
 +  margin-bottom: 10px;
 +}
 +#content.text p,
 +.redactor_box p {
 +  color: #333333;
 +  margin-bottom: 20px;
 +}
 +#content.text #wysiwyg,
 +.redactor_box #wysiwyg {
 +  margin-bottom: 80px;
 +}
 +hr {
 +  background: none;
 +  border: none;
 +  border-top: 1px solid #c2c2c2;
 +}
 +hr.marged {
 +  margin: 40px 0;
 +}
 +.pagination {
 +  margin: 20px auto 40px auto;
 +  height: 20px;
 +}
 +.pagination ul li {
 +  float: left;
 +  padding: 0 10px;
 +  border-left: 1px solid #c2c2c2;
 +}
 +.pagination ul li a {
 +  font-family: 'ProximaNovaCond-Light';
 +  font-size: 20px;
 +  line-height: 23px;
 +  color: #797a7f;
 +}
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 +  color: #000;
 +}
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 +.pagination ul li.next {
 +  width: 11px;
 +  height: 20px;
 +}
 +.pagination ul li.prev,
 +.pagination ul li.nobl,
 +.pagination ul li.next {
 +  border-left: 0;
 +}
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 +  padding: 20px;
 +}
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 +  font-family: 'ProximaNovaCond-Regular';
 +  font-size: 14px;
 +  text-transform: uppercase;
 +}
 +.dokuwiki div.page {
 +  overflow: auto;
 +}
 +</style>
 +</html>
 +
 +//MIN Value//: 0 GW
 +
 +//MAX Value//:
 +^2035 |10 GW  |
 +^2050 |::: |
 +
 +<html>
 +<div id="wrapper">
 +  <div id="content">
 +    <div class="blocWrapper">
 +
 +<!-- /REFERENCES -->
 +    <a name="assumptions"></a>
 +            <div class="bloc triple bgWhite">
 +                <header class="lined">
 +                    <h2 class="fl">REFERENCES</h2>
 +                    <div class="clear"></div>
 +                </header>
 +                </div>
 +                <div class="clear"></div>
 +            </div>
 +            <div class="clear"></div>
 +    <!-- /END ASSUMPTIONS -->
 +
 +<style>
 +.dokuwiki div.page { padding: 5px; }
 +#wrapper #content .blocWrapper {
 +  margin: 0 5px 0 5px;
 +}
 +#wrapper #content .bloc header.lined {
 +  border-bottom: 1px solid #c2c2c2;
 +}
 +#wrapper #content .bloc h2 {
 +  font-size: 20px;
 +  font-family: 'ProximaNovaCond-Light';
 +  color: #535559;
 +  font-weight: normal;
 +  text-transform: uppercase;
 +  margin: 0;
 +}
 +#wrapper #content .bloc.bgWhite {
 +  background: #fff;
 +}
 +#wrapper #content .intro .txt h2 {
 +  font-family: 'ProximaNovaCond-Light';
 +  font-size: 32px;
 +  color: #535559;
 +  text-transform: uppercase;
 +  margin-bottom: 6px;
 +}
 +#wrapper #content #newsWrapper .news h2 {
 +  font-family: 'ProximaNovaCond-Regular';
 +  font-size: 28px;
 +  margin-bottom: 15px;
 +}
 +#wrapper #content #faqWrapper h2 {
 +  text-align: center;
 +  font-family: 'ProximaNovaCond-Semibold';
 +  font-size: 26px;
 +  text-transform: uppercase;
 +  color: #1d1d1b;
 +  margin-bottom: 20px;
 +}
 +/* TEXTE PAGES ET ADMION */
 +#content.text,
 +.redactor_box {
 +  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Sans Serif;
 +  font-size: 16px;
 +  color: #333333;
 +  padding: 20px;
 +}
 +#content.text body,
 +.redactor_box body {
 +  background: none;
 +}
 +#content.text h2,
 +.redactor_box h2,
 +#content.text h4,
 +.redactor_box h4 {
 +  font-family: 'ProximaNovaCond-Semibold';
 +  font-size: 44px;
 +  color: #000;
 +  text-transform: uppercase;
 +  margin-bottom: 10px;
 +}
 +#content.text p,
 +.redactor_box p {
 +  color: #333333;
 +  margin-bottom: 20px;
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 +#content.text #wysiwyg,
 +.redactor_box #wysiwyg {
 +  margin-bottom: 80px;
 +}
 +hr {
 +  background: none;
 +  border: none;
 +  border-top: 1px solid #c2c2c2;
 +}
 +hr.marged {
 +  margin: 40px 0;
 +}
 +.pagination {
 +  margin: 20px auto 40px auto;
 +  height: 20px;
 +}
 +.pagination ul li {
 +  float: left;
 +  padding: 0 10px;
 +  border-left: 1px solid #c2c2c2;
 +}
 +.pagination ul li a {
 +  font-family: 'ProximaNovaCond-Light';
 +  font-size: 20px;
 +  line-height: 23px;
 +  color: #797a7f;
 +}
 +.pagination ul li a.active {
 +  color: #000;
 +}
 +.pagination ul li.prev,
 +.pagination ul li.next {
 +  width: 11px;
 +  height: 20px;
 +}
 +.pagination ul li.prev,
 +.pagination ul li.nobl,
 +.pagination ul li.next {
 +  border-left: 0;
 +}
 +.paddedContent {
 +  padding: 20px;
 +}
 +#sponsorsWrapper h2 {
 +  font-family: 'ProximaNovaCond-Regular';
 +  font-size: 14px;
 +  text-transform: uppercase;
 +}
 +.dokuwiki div.page {
 +  overflow: auto;
 +}
 +</style>
 +</html>
 +
 +[1] [[http://www.strom.ch/uploads/media/AES_DCB_09_CCC_03-2013.pdf|VSE(2012), Centrales à gaz à cycle combiné (CCC)]]
 +
 +[2] [[http://www.needs-project.org/docs/RS1a%20D7.2%20Final%20report%20on%20advanced%20fossil%20power%20plants.pdf|NEEDS project(2008), Final report on technical data, costs, and life cycle inventories of advanced fossil power generation systems]]