What can I choose in the calculator?

The calculator lets you choose the share of HEVs & PHEVs in the total car fleet in Switzerland in the selected year (2035 or 2050).

Hybrid Electric Vehicle & Plug-in Hydrib Electric Vehicle (HEV & PHEV)

image Mariordo59, via Flickr, under CC BY-SA 2.0

Contents

IMPACT – What are the impacts of HEVs & PHEVs?

In Switzerland, substituting standard gasoline / diesel vehicles by HEVs and PHEVs of comparable size will have the following impacts:

Energy system

image Reduces final energy demand.

image Increase total electricity consumption.

image Reduces total diesel / gasoline consumption.

image Likely to increase the share of renewable energy sources in the energy mix.

image Likely to raise pressure on the grid by increasing daily peak electricity demand.

image Likely to increase energy independence and energy security.

Environment & Climate

image Very likely to reduce global CO2 emissions.

image Reduce emissions of harmful pollutants, especially in urban areas.

image Slightly reduce noise pollution.

image Likely to increase deposited waste and environmental impacts related to mining and end of life treatment of batteries.

Society & Economy

image Likely to have limited impact on the cost of the energy transition.

image May reduce total cost of ownership of vehicles.

image May improve balance of payments by substituting oil imports by domestic electricity.

image Reduce Confederation income from the tax on mineral oil under the current taxation system.

image Compared to BEVs, owners of HEVs and PHEVs do not have to worry about a limited range and battery charging downtime.

GLOBAL MARKET – What is the global market for HEVs & PHEVs?

Global hybrid electric sales grew by around 100,000 units in 2003 to over 2,000,000 units in 2013.[1] This is more than 3% of the global passenger car sales in 2013.[2]

DEFINITION / CONSTRAINTS

DEFINITION - What is a HEV & a PHEV?

In an HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle), a conventional internal combustion propulsion system (ICE) is combined with an electric propulsion system. Kinetic energy is recovered and stored in a battery through regenerative braking. This electric energy is used to assist acceleration, and sometimes to drive l the vehicle at low speed, saving on fuel consumption. HEVs are often classified by the type of coupling of the electric system – in a “mild hybrid” this one only assists the ICE, in a “full hybrid” it can drive the vehicle by itself.

PHEVs (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles) are essentially HEVs with the addition of a plug-in charging system and an enlarged battery pack that can be recharged by an external power source. Just like HEVs, PHEVs recover kinetic energy through regenerative braking.

CONSTRAINTS - What are the key barriers facing HEVs and PHEVs deployment?

• Higher purchase price than equivalent gasoline/diesel car.

• Battery can slightly reduce interior space.

ASSUMPTIONS – What are the assumptions considered in the calculator?

You will find more information about the passenger transport model of the calculator here.

REFERENCES

[1] Clean energy trends, Clean Edge 2014.

[2] OICA Sales statistics 2013.