freight_model_more []

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                    <h2>What can I choose in the calculator?</h2>
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                    The calculator lets you choose the share of the freight transport demand covered by rail transport in Switzerland in the selected year (2035 or 2050).
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                    <h2>Rail Freight Transport</h2>
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                <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Re_482_mit_Containerzug_bei_Oberr%C3%BCti.jpg/640px-Re_482_mit_Containerzug_bei_Oberr%C3%BCti.jpg?uselang=fr" alt="image"/>
                <small>Kabelleger / David Gubler, via Wikimedia Commons</small>
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                    <h2>Contents</h2>
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                        <li><a href="#impact">Impact</a></li>
                        <li><a href="#globalmarket">Global market</a></li>
                        <li><a href="#definition">Definition</a></li>
                        <li><a href="#constraints">Constraints</a></li>
                        <li><a href="#assumptions">Assumptions</a></li>
                        <li><a href="#references">References</a></li>
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                    <h2 class="fl">IMPACT – What are the impacts of Rail Freight Transport?</h2>
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                      In Switzerland, increasing the share of Rail Freight Transport will have the following impacts:
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                                <h4>Energy system</h4>
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                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=smiley_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Reduce final energy demand.</p>
                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=sad_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Increase total electricity consumption.</p>
                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=smiley_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Reduce total diesel / gasoline consumption.</p>
                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=smiley_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Likely to increase the share of renewable energy sources in the energy mix.</p>
                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=sad_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Likely to raise pressure on the grid by increasing electricity demand.</p>
                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=smiley_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Likely to increase energy independence and energy security.</p>


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                                <h4>Environment & Climate</h4>
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                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=smiley_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Very likely to reduce global CO2 emissions.</p>
                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=smiley_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Avoid emissions of harmful pollutants, especially in urban areas.</p>
                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=smiley_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Reduce noise pollution.</p>
                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=sad_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Likely to increase deposited waste.</p>


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                                <h4>Society & Economy</h4>
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                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=sad_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Likely to increase the cost of the energy transition.</p>
                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=smiley_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> May improve balance of payments by substituting oil imports by domestic electricity.</p>
                                <p><img src="lib/exe/fetch.php?media=sad_face.png" HEIGHT="15" WIDTH="15" BORDER="0" alt="image"/> Reduce Confederation income from the tax on mineral oil under the current taxation system.</p>


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                    <h2 class="fl">GLOBAL MARKET – What is the trend in Rail Freight Transport in the EU?</h2>
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                        <p>In 2011, 37% of freight transport was covered by rail in Switzerland. This is significantly more than the EU-27 average of 19% in that same year. Between 1993 and 2012 the total rail freight transport activity in Switzerland has increased by 33% whereas the total road freight transport activity has increased by 51% (for comparison, the population size has increased by 15% in that same period).[1] At EU-27 level the rail freight transport activity remained constant between 1995 and 2010 whereas the road freight transport activity grew by 38%. [2]</p>
                        <p>Both Switzerland and the EU-27 have seen a reduction of ~10% in the volume of goods transported by rail between 2008 and 2012. This can be explained by the economic crisis as similar figures are reported for road transport. [1]</p>
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                                <h4>DEFINITION - What is Rail Freight Transport?</h4>
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                                <p>The “Rail freight (%)” slider increases or decreases the quantity of goods (in tonne-kilometre (tkm)) that is transported by rail insteadby trucks.</p>

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                                <h4>CONSTRAINTS - What are the key barriers facing Rail Freight Transport deployment?</h4>
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                                <p>• The existing infrastructure is reaching its maximum capacity but new infrastructure is increasingly expensive.</p>
                                <p>• Higher rail freight costs compared to water or road freight are difficult for operators to accept as margins in the transport sector are small.</p>


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		You will find more information about the freight transport model of the calculator <a href="doku.php?id=fregiht_model">here</a>.

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                        <p>[1] <a href="http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/fr/index/news/publikationen.html?publicationID=5416">Swiss Statistical Office, Le transport de marchandises en Suisse, 2013.</a></p>
                        <p>[2] <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/transport/facts-fundings/statistics/doc/2012/pocketbook2012.pdf">European Commission, EU transport in figures statistical pocketbook, 2012.</a></p>
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